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Wstęp

I.                   ROZPRAWY I ARTYKUŁY

Jacek Kwiatkowski - Centrum i peryferie w teorii  miasta idealnego  w XX wieku.

Many inventions and discoveries which has been done at the beginning of the XX century (cars, aeroplanes, new information and communication possibilities) have created special circumstances to introduce the great change in architecture, methods of construction and urban planning  trends.

Many famous masters of city building (architects, urban planners and town – sociologists) proposed new ideas and  principles of making urban space and new methods functionality of urban units.

All these conceptions consist of two main components.

The first one is extremely individual creation of city centers. The creations usually were special kind of the art manifesto of the masters. There weren’t real issues and  conclusions. There were a kind of proclamation of new neighborhood and new systems of habitation very often .

The second element or component was the problem of the outskirts. Usually the masters didn’t expose this problem enough. Some of them made an assumption to exclude of the outskirts, some of them believed in moving of transformation process of the periphery.

The most of the masters are really very famous, they are the symbol of  individuality and a legend of contemporary art, architecture, and city planning. Many of their works are the milestone in the history of architecture.

All these descriptive theories in the article  are still great inspiration for new generations of city planners and all the man who is thinking about future city.

Maciej Lasocki,  Maciej Kos - Metody kreowania ładu w przestrzeni miasta.

Authors of this article focus on spatial order as a phenomenon that is most substantial to a professional practice of any urban planner. The term of “spatial order” is defined here and various conditions to achieve it are considered. A human intellect, the truth and the good – are pointed to be among those conditions that are inevitable when creating spatial order. The intellect is necessary to undertake conscious steps towards well known and awaited goals, to understand the whole complexity of that phenomenon: circumstances, threats, reasons, results etc. An emotional or spontaneous action hardly ever results with spatial order. It is also strongly emphasized that an order has always got to be a reflection of the truth. Otherwise, one will cope with delusions created by a “decorative” spatial composition with no reference to reality. The truth introduces into organization of space a bit of harmony, which should be understood as a state of perfect spatial order. Also, there is no spatial order without the good. One will find no order in spatial organization that is formed consciously and reflects real needs and conditions, when it is created in bad faith, with wrong purposes or results with somebody’s harm. It is especially difficult question to find a balance between “minor evil” and “imperfect good”. Later authors investigate different definitions of spatial order that were formed in Polish literature. In the second part of the article, five methods of achieving spatial order are proposed. It is an attempt to formulate instruments that sustain desirable organization of space. They can be used together for more complex results. Natural methods admit or follow natural processes that occur in the environment. Conventional methods use an existence of fashions or informal agreements, according to which people tend to judge spatial organization. Ethical methods are based on the system of values and norms that are commonly established in a specific society. Aesthetical methods feature visual aspects of spatial organization, it’s composition, proportions, attractiveness. Finally, constructional methods are based on human reason and imagination, scientific knowledge and advanced computer techniques. The choice of right methods depends on results anticipated and should be adjusted to individual circumstances.

Tadeusz Mrzygłód - Wpływ układu przestrzennego na koszty rozbudowy miasta i styl życia ludności

Anna  Dziewulska - Czynniki  i  bariery  rozwoju  miast  polski

Towns development is a very complex matter. It is mainly influenced by such things as: a hitherto existing spatial distribution, the size and quality of the grounds of the town, the capital it possesses, the population and its structure, especially age and qualifications and the components of natural environment.

One of the assets of a town is a place where it is situated, e.g. not far from the capital of the region or close to the main roads. A developed technical infrastructure as well as the lines of communication of the town are of great importance. Physical factors such as: the sculpture of the earth’s surface or water barrier are development obstacles. Functional barriers involve the lack of adjustment of the hitherto existing town function and the structure of grounds exploitation to present needs. The revival program which is being carried out in numerous Polish towns is supposed to change its function, making a significant contribution to the town development.

The same factors, if they are of a proper quantity and quality, can facilitate town development. On the other hand, they can be a serious development disadvantage. Barriers may be caused by negative consequences of development, such as the pollution of environment or the overuse of the lines of communication. Investment in infrastructure will stimulate economic growth, however, it will also be the condition for development.

Danuta Bartoszewicz - Trudna  rewitalizacja warszawskiej Pragi

The article is devoted to the attempt to revitalize the downgraded urban enviroment in the center of right-bank Warsaw.

   Old Praga, the district of Warsaw situated on the right bank of Vistula river, one and a half kilometers from the Royal Castle, is the place that preserved its historical shape and local climate util now differs from the left-bank Warsaw, almost completely destroyed by the end of the World War II. The present image of Praga is in a grand extent due to its difficult history. From the moment of the foundation Praga, distructed many times, was always being re-built. Paradoxaly the bad destiny changed over the World War II. The city survived only on the right bank of Vistula. For a short time after the war Praga playd role of the capital but in the course of re-building of the city unrepaird Praga were brought to ruins until it became necessary to undertake the revitalization action to stop the degradation.

At the beginnig of the 90-th the Municipal Administration started the regeneration of the degradated area in the center of Praga. The chosen area partially met the criteria determined the pilot projects of the urban revitalization in Denemark. It was expected that the action would facilitated by the fact that a significant part of the apartments was the property of the municipality.

   The project concept of the regeneration presumed that the sub-standard constructions would be destroyed, courtyards would be set in order and parkings were to be built. The undertook works were to be the preparatory stage to the full revitalization of the district. After two years the works were stopped and only a small part of the programme was realized.

    The second approach to the revitalization in the North Praga started in the first years of the new century. This was the revitalization of Ząbkowska Street. The action was limited to the indispensable works in the field of technical infrastructure, the renovation of facades and estatization of the yards. Until the end of 2006 eight relict houses in Ząbkowska Street were renovated and the surface of the street was rebuilt. The image of the street changed favourably. In the lower parts of the renewed houses appeared galleries, new shops and pubs. An office Info Praga was organized. Apart from the tourist information the artistic and promotional activities are developed there. The changes in the life of the local population was however limited since the projects did not resolve all social problems. At the present moment another programme so-called “Minipgrogramme of the revitalization of the district Praga North”is being realized. Those activities are limited to the repairs of the building structures either.

The process of changes in the Old Praga has the features of the revitalization but the individual actions are not much convergent, are dislocated on too large territory and are not consistent with the overall programme of functionally-urbanistic and socio-economic changes of the district and of the city. Instead, the planned action concentrated on a sigle territory could  have lead, through the synergy effect, to the stable quality changes of the territory under the revitalization and thus the improve of the quality of life of the population.

Michał Lis - Wpływ mniejszości tureckiej na fizjonomię przestrzeni publicznych Frankfurtu nad Menem - analiza uwarunkowań

Barbara J. Bańkowska - Struktury przestrzenne miast w praktyce planowania przestrzennego (na przykładzie Studium miasta Tczewa)

In the article,  different possibilities of defining spatial city structures have been presented, which are to be considered as system of space relationship, as far as certain definitions of conditions of spatial management are concerned. Properly defined spatial structure can pave the way for formulating principles for balancing loose urban structures. Description of such procedure has been presented on the case of  Tczew city.

Tomasz Klusek - Gospodarka i zarządzanie mieszkaniowym zasobem gminy na przykładzie miasta Warszawy

Reflecting political and economic changes undergoing in Poland the counties have became owners of the national property. The counties have also undertaken responsibility for managing the property, which required an establishment of new legal framework that would allow for doing so. The rules of communal property management result from goals imposed by self-government regulations, the law on property management and other legal acts binding a county to perform internal tasks as well as those of public nature.

The dwellings are one of the crucial parts of the communal property. The paper then concerns the economic and management rules in this regard.

II . ROZWIĄZANIA PRAKTYCZNE – PRZYKAŁDY ĆWICZEŃ

Dorota Wejchert-Gajczyk - Kompozycja urbanistyczna, jako narzędzie tworzenia prawidłowych relacji przestrzennych

The article presents Prof. Kazimierz Wejchert`s, one of the authors of Polish School of Urban Creation, most significant work “Elements of Urban Composition”.  A course book which has been a great book of knowledge for generations of Polish urbanists. The author of that article describes ten chosen topics from the scientific theory of Prof. Wejchert: The Man and Space, Urban Complexes , Observation Points, Town Landscape, The Substance of Spacial Composition, Lines and Planes, Types of Interiors, Time and Space and The Graph of Emotions, Light and a solid, Town Greenery.

III . INFORMACJE

III konferencja naukowa - Uwarunkowania konkurencyjności polskiej gospodarki
a Społeczeństwo wiedzy

Katarzyna Świerszcz - Rozumienie abstraktów jako „posługa myślenia” siłą rozwoju gospodarczego i cywilizacyjnego społeczeństwa

Marian Mroziewski - Przedsiębiorczość organizacyjna jako komplementarna cecha współczesnego kapitału intelektualnego

Elżbieta Jędrych - Jakość kapitału ludzkiego w gospodarce polskiej

Anna Wasiluk - Rola kompetencji menedżerskich w rozwoju przedsiębiorstw

Wioleta Witczak - Relatywizm kultury organizacyjnej oraz norm społecznych i postaw wobec pracy

Jerzy Obolewicz - Zastosowanie modelu EFQM do podnoszenia poziomu bezpieczeństwa i ochrony człowieka w środowisku pracy